Journal Entry

First Signs of Ice

The plan for today is to sample for our first incubation, which means the science team will be extremely busy all day. I may not have time to write a detailed journal today, so I thought I would show you some pictures from our first signs of ice. We were moving through fog most of the day and occasionally seeing very small icebergs floating at the surface. As the afternoon progressed, the fog lifted and we moved into a sea of floating ice referred to as pancake ice. I went out on the 01 deck and then to the bow to watch the ice float past the RVIB Palmer. I giggled most of the time, if fact, you will not only hear the wind and the sounds of the ice on the ship, but also my laugh in the following video. My first experience with sea ice is one I will never forget. The sounds and sights of the ice moving over waves and sliding along the side of the ship are truly amazing!

First Pancake IceCara Pekarcik stands on the 01 deck of the RVIB Palmer overlooking a sea of pancake ice. Palmer moving through iceThe RVIB Palmer easily moves through the sea of pancake ice.

More Wildlife Sightings

Some of the science crew were able to snap a photo of the first marine mammal sighting of the cruise. Two young Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella were sitting on one of the ice floats that passed by the ship. Ninety-five percent of the Antarctic fur seal population breen on the Island of South Georgia located to our east. Unfortunately, I did not see these seals, but I am thankful that Dr. Chappell was on the bridge and snapped a quick photo. I anticipate my own photos of these pinnipeds as we move closer to the continent.

Antarctic fur seals on iceFirst marine mammal sighting of the trip. Two Antarctic fur seals rest on floating sea ice. Photo courtesy Dr. P. Dreux Chappell (Old Dominion University)

We were also surrounded by snow petrels Pagodroma nivea and Antarctic petrels Thalassoicca antarctica throughout the afternoon.

Pancake Ice and Antarctic petrelsA group of Antarctic petrels fly over the pancake ice in the Southern Ocean.

Comments

Yazhi C, Block F

How much area did pancake ice covered in Antarctica?

Freddie L G block

Was the journey there rough how did the rapid climate change effect you?

Jake O, Block A

When does the ice in Antarctica start to become a full sheet of ice? When it does, about how thick is it?

Yi L, Block A

How much weight can a pancake ice withstand before it sinks?

Cara Pekarcik

No coating that I am aware of. Most ice seals have sharp claws to help them move around. I assume that seals also choose pieces of ice that
are sturdy and will not flip easily.

On 2016-09-26 06:48, PolarTREC wrote:

Steven L, Block B

What would happen if you drop something into the Pancake Ice? Do you go retrieve or would you ignore it?

Jenny T Block F

Is it difficult for the boat to move through the pancake ice?

Jenny T Block F

Is it difficult for the boat to move through the pancake ice?

HuiQian Z, Block A

Hi, Mr. Pekarcik, The class is having a great time. Here's my question for you, I was wondering if the fog was actually created by the "pancake Ice" melting creating the cold air stream. If so, how it affects the CO2 in the air.

Cara Pekarcik

I am not sure what would happen (and I don't intend to find out :) ) I don't think we would go back for it.

On 2016-09-15 18:12, PolarTREC wrote:

Angela Y, Block F

How does the ice get its "pancake" shape?

Cara Pekarcik

Hi Yazhi - I don't have a detailed answer to this question because it changes every year. You can look up ice coverage maps for the area, but
I do not believe they differentiate between solid ice and pancake ice.
I will see if I can find out for you!

On 2016-09-13 14:39, PolarTREC wrote:

Cara Pekarcik

I think you can find out more about the rough seas in my journal called Welcome to the Drake. We are consistently seeing rough seas in the
Drake Passage. The cold weather is certainly a change from the weather
in New England in August (when I left), but we are not seeing some of
the extreme temperatures that are recorded in the South Pole. Our warm
weather gear is very helpful in combating the cold.

On 2016-09-15 16:44, PolarTREC wrote:

Cara Pekarcik

Hi Yi - This would be a hard question to answer because we aren't measuring this during our research cruise. I think it would depend on
the size and thickness of the pancake ice. Remember, the ice is less
dense than water, so the ice may flip over and cause the weight to sink,
but the ice will still float.

On 2016-09-13 16:00, PolarTREC wrote:

Aisha Khiyaty …

Is the whole area covered in the ice or are there some places that you are you able to see the water?

Cara Pekarcik

Hi Jenny - it doesn't appear to be a problem for the RVIB Palmer. This ship has a thick reinforced hull, so we just move right through the ice
patches.

On 2016-09-13 17:14, PolarTREC wrote:

Aisha Khiyaty …

Is the whole area covered in the ice or are there some places that you are you able to see the water?

Cara Pekarcik

Hi Angela - take a look at some of my other comments, I think I have answered this question before.

On 2016-09-13 19:50, PolarTREC wrote:

Cara Pekarcik

Definitely times that you can see the ocean. It may be different once we get closer to land, so stay tuned!

On 2016-09-16 06:02, PolarTREC wrote:

Aidan M, Block B

Hi Mrs. Pekarcik,I hope your having a great time in Antarctica. Were doing great at NQHS! My question for you is do the fur seals stay in Antarctica for the whole year, or do they migrate after a few months? Hope your having fun, See you in October!!!
sincerely,
Aidan M

Mia S

what is the temperature that causes the water to freeze?

Joshua A. Block G

Why does pancake ice form the way it does?

Evon T, Block A

Do Snow Petrels migrate like most birds or stay in Antarctica year-round?

James A

how do the petrels able to fish in this cold weather and all the ice around?

Anastasia Z, Block B

Does "pancake ice" last year-round or does it melt/ become thinner during summer and hotter months?

Tengfei L, Block B

Does the Pancake Ice happened to form very often in the Antarctica?

Cara Pekarcik

The ice does not completely cover the surface - there is plenty of open water for the birds to use to hunt down krill

On 2016-09-14 08:33, PolarTREC wrote:

Vivian T,

Hello Ms. Pecarcik. The pancake ice and animals at Antarctica are amazing! Does the cruise ever have trouble going through the pancake ice? Also, does the pancake ice ever begin to press together like a puzzle or dissolve slowly into the water?

Kevin C, Block B

Does the pancake ice ever form together to create a big ice sheet?

Artemis Mano

Hi, Mrs Pekarcik! I'm really enjoying the pictures of the animals there and the pancake ice .Does pancake ice make it difficult for the ship to move ?

Victoria H, Block G

The pancake ice looks so awesome! How does it form like that ? Is it rough to get through the path?

Nha H, Block A

Have you ever encountered larger blocks of ice that hindered the movement of the large ship, or is that unusual for this ship?

Kyle C Block G

Is there any specific marine animal you and the rest of the crew would like to see before the trip is over?

Ryan G, Block F

What is the average size of a Antarctic fur seals?

Cara Pekarcik

Hi Artemis - as you might have noticed in the video, the ship was moving right along. If the ice thickens, the ship may slow down a bit,
but it can still move through the ice, especially pancake ice, with
ease.

On 2016-09-18 11:30, PolarTREC wrote:

Michael G Block F

Does the pancake make the Ship go slower than the usual speed?

Andrew L, Block F

About how thick would you think the pancake ice is?

Cara Pekarcik

Antarctic sea ice can begin to form early in the winter season. It can begin to form in March and peaks in September. Sea ice is usually not
as thick as the ice sheets on the continent itself. The sea ice can be
up to about 1m/3ft thick.

n 2016-09-13 15:31, PolarTREC wrote:

Ningyu C, Block E

what is the maximum size of the pancake ices.

Ryan G, Block F

Does the pancake ice ever get in the way?

Cara Pekarcik

Hi HuiQian - the pancake ice can certainly contribute to foggy conditions because the ice can cause temperature changes. The fog is
simply water vapor, so it probably doesn't affect the CO2 in the air

On 2016-09-13 18:04, PolarTREC wrote:

Caroline H, Block B

Hi Ms. Pekarcik, I hope you are having a wonderful time on your trip! My question for you is what are the factors that cause pancake ice to form it's "pancake" shape as opposed to a solid sheet of ice?

Cara Pekarcik

Hi Victoria - scroll through some of my responses to previous questions - you will find answers to these questions.

On 2016-09-14 11:33, PolarTREC wrote:

Carrie C, Block A

Besides the fur seals have you seen any other sea creatures?

Cara Pekarcik

As we move closer to the Western Antarctic Peninsula and its associated islands, we have seen larger blocks of ice. These icebergs are avoided
by ships because they could cause major damage.

On 2016-09-14 11:38, PolarTREC wrote:

Cara Pekarcik

Hi Ryan! Males can reach average lengths of 1.5-2m (4.5-6ft) and females approximately 1.2-1.4m (3.6-4.2ft). Males can reach about
500lbs!!

On 2016-09-14 11:53, PolarTREC wrote:

Winnie C Block F

Does the pancake ice affect you or the ship in anyway?

Cara Pekarcik

Ryan - if you look at the pictures, you can see that the pancake ice is all around the ship. The vessel is an ice breaker, so it can move
through the ice.

On 2016-09-14 12:05, PolarTREC wrote:

Jessica A, Block F

How does the pancake ice form?

Jessica A, Block F

Why do you need to sample for your first incubation?