Hello John,
-Great ice tower and cave photos! -Wow! Thanks for sharing the information on how they form as well. The BLUES are absolutely beautiful.
John, the fumarole-ice tower/ice cave relationship that you describe in your text with the superb photos provides stunningly picturesque reminders of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics (Energy Conservation/Conversion & Energy Dispersion) for students and teachers.
There is nothing in nature that can't be taken as a sign of both mortality and invigoration. -Gretel Ehrlich
John, thank you for sharing the invigorating photos! And thank you for your Icequake-Seismicity reply.
Peace and Merry Christmas.
Ben Smith and his Environmental Science students Peninsula High School California