Submitted by Anonymous on Fri, 04/05/2013 - 09:38

According to Mr. Williams two refrigerated trucks will be stationed in Talkeetna, Alaska for eighteen days, presumably with the refrigerator's diesels running, in order to receive core samples flow off the glacier by helicopter. These trucks will then drive across the continent to transport the samples to the lab for evaluation. Wouldn't the carbon footprint of the expedition be reduced if the samples were flown on a commercial airline that was going to make the journey anyway? Is there a specific reason, such as chemical or structural changes that might occur in the samples if they were to be subjected to the reduced air pressure in an aircraft cargo hold? It seems a research project centered on recording the climate records of the past 1000 years would inherently be concerned with minimizing it's impact on the environment.

Thanks for any info you can provide, Mike Schuster Jefferson, Maine

Ken Williams

Hi MIke,At our orientation last week in Fairbanks we actually chatted about the irony regarding Arctic and Antarctic research and associated transportation creating additional carbon input. I remember our discussion concluding that the science was worth it as far as gaining an understanding of the critical role of high latitudes in climate studies. For example, permafrost in the Arctic holds way more carbon than the atmosphere and warming has the potential of releasing much of that. This could be offset by additional photosynthesis, but the impact of warming for this scenario has not yet been studied.
As far as your question about transportation of the cores; I too am wondering and I don't know the answer. I mentioned your question to Researcher Campbell yesterday and will send out an email to the rest of the team. Please keep checking the forum and tell everyone you know to check out the PolarTREC web site. If you want to learn more about carbon in permafrost and tundra, then please check out an expedition in the field right now. The teacher involved is Tom Lane and the project title is Carbon Balance in Warming and Drying Tundra 2013. There are some great photos and journals from Tom. I'm sure that they would welcome questions as well.
Take care,
Ken Williams

Ken Williams

Hey MIke,I have pasted a pretty comprehensive reply below from Seth. It's an awesome read. I found it fascinating and learned a ton. Thanks again for the question.
FROM RESEARCHER SETH CAMPBELL
Mike, thanks so much for your question. It is a great one well worth answering in detail. It is also a question I take very much to heart because our team has dedicated the last 6 years trying to prove that significant science research can be conducted using "mostly" minimal impact methods. For example, over the past six years working in Denali we have tried to minimize our impact by traveling via mountaineering ski around our study sites, sometimes as far as 40+ km in distance on skis which is no small task when towing hundreds of pounds of research equipment plus food and survival gear. We have not used generators or other equipment that immediately cause a carbon footprint (besides small mountaineering stoves). In the past we have used small solar power systems to power all our equipment. Even the drill we are using to collect the ice core this year is powered by a solar power system.
This said, some carbon foot print is unavoidable and when combined with all the factors related to this project it becomes a necessary evil unfortunately. For example, we do have a back-up generator approved by the park service for use in collecting the ice core if the solar power system does not work for some reason unexpectedly. We go through a very extensive permitting process with Denali National Park to determine the lowest impact yet most reasonable method to conduct all our field work. This includes efforts from other park researchers, administration, and even climbing rangers within the park that have decades of minimum impact experience. The discussion regarding how the cores are transported back to their processing facility several thousand miles is ACTUALLY one of the most challenging issues we have been faced with through the final stages of planning for this project.
Considerations include:
1. minimizing our climate impact
2. making sure we don't contaminate or destroy the core which would make all our efforts over the past 6 years virtually a waste
3. Flexible transport times due to the many timing complexities of this project (weather to get cores off the mountain etc.)
4. maintaining some ability to track and still have reasonable control of these cores as they are transported.
5. Appropriate use of public research dollars
The possible routes are airline, shipping, or truck transport back to our processing facilities. Ground transport does increase the carbon footprint for us a bit unfortunately, so you are correct there (about double). However, if you take into account the other major considerations we believe this is a necessary evil. We need very strong assurances that the freezer facilities we are using are clean freezers and that there is no mixing with other current cargo (fish etc.). We can't get assurances with commercial airlines for this, unfortunately, but we know that trucks will be only transporting our cores. We need some amount of flexibility in terms of when we bring the cores off the mountain because weather is very finicky up there. Personally I have been stuck with other researchers in a tent for over 10 days at one time waiting out storms. Having transport date flexibility to Talkeetna from the mountain is easy with the park service and Talkeetna Air Taxi working very closely with us, but flexibility to transport on any commercial plane across the country on shorter notice is a very challenging thing to secure. Retaining some type of control and back-up plan for these ice cores is also paramount. The trucking staff will be well aware of the importance of these cores because we will actually be working with them in person in Talkeetna and also at the final place of delivery. This relationship gives the trucking staff a vested interest in the cores which we appreciate. They will be working together and will be well aware that if one truck breaks down, the second is there immediately as backup to transport the ice cores over to. In contrast, once cores depart our hands at an airport, they go through multiple hands without us actually knowing where they are. Secondly, in the airline scenario each "luggage handler" does not necessarily have a large vested interest in the cores unfortunately. As an example, just last week I had all my research luggage misplaced for multiple days on a short trip that actually jeopardized my ability to even conduct my research, potentially wasting all our funding. It was virtually impossible to get staff to help me with locating the lost luggage and I was told they had 24 days to find my bags before they would "reimburse" me if it wasn't found. This was not exactly reassuring. Obtaining these ice cores include a significant amount of public research dollars and efforts from hundreds of individuals. Over six years of research in Denali National Park (with thousands of volunteer hours) has been put into finding an appropriate core site in the first place. In other words, there is a huge potential risk of transporting our cores back in a commercial plane where we lose access to the cores during their transport. If the plane freezers shut down, cores are left out on the tarmac runway, cores are transported with other potentially contaminating cargo, our core boxes get lost or held up, than all that effort and funding would be wasted. We decided that air transport was not worth the risk.
I hope this gives you a little insight into the planning process and thought that goes into such decisions. It's definitely not a trivial matter and we appreciate all the people who have helped us develop the most reasonable, environmentally friendly, and economical plans for this project. Please feel free to email us with more questions and I can elaborate if you want some more details. Thanks again.
Kindest regards,
Seth Campbell

Anonymous

Seth,Thanks for the great reply to my question. I too have experienced the issues of lost luggage. When I was a kid, a ten day ski trip (that I had mowed lawns all summer to pay for) was almost ruined when the airlines lost my skis. It never occurred to me that such an everyday mundane occurrence would be the reason. But of course it makes perfect sense. I like the idea of involving the trucking staff as well. I'm certain with the knowledge of the importance and expense of the cores they will be handling, they will be extremely cautious on their journey.
Good luck and enjoy you time on the mountain.
Thanks again for the answer,
Mike

Anonymous

My pleasure Mike! Thanks again for following along and please keep an eye on the project as we proceed! all the best!Seth