Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 05/02/2013 - 19:26

Hello Mr. Lane!!

I've followed your description of the team's research with much interest, and enjoyed reading answers to questions of students.

Though I work in a different field in considering organic chemical half-lives, implications of research of the tundra carbon-cycle is fascinating.

" ... very slowly decaying organic material has caused carbon to build up in the Arctic during the past thousands of years" with effects of warming and drying to cause release of trapped carbon in the form of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

When the organic materials come in contact with light or warm temperature or oxygen and begin to decay faster, is it a concern about how much carbon there was to begin with thousands of years ago? Where did the carbon come from before? Does the explanation simply imply increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere close to the earth effects changes in the upper atmosphere ozone layer near the north pole, allowing carbon to 'escape' from close proximity to the earth into the upper atmosphere?

In general, do you think there is any difference in air composition of northern regions i.e. percentage of carbon dioxide, than other parts of the earth?

Here is a dumb question....why do educated people still believe there is some question about global warming effects/

Thank you for all the interesting insights, description of experiences, and explanations. I have had a great time (outside of imagining -30 degrees Fahrenheit) learning of the research team, and about the arctic climate of the United States.

Thanks, again, and take care! Dr. Nakajima

Tom Lane

Thank you for your questions Dr. Nakajima. It is good to hear from you.Your first question regarding "if it is a concern about how much carbon there was to begin with thousands of years ago?" When temperatures warm in the permafrost soil microbes respire faster. This produces more CO2 that is emitted potentially into the atmosphere. The carbon that is stored in the permafrost that the microbes access for respiration is from organic materials that have accumulated there through 1000's of years of deposition in the "active layer" and then through various mechanisms are incorporated into the soils below.
Does increase CO2 in the lower atmosphere effect ozone levels in the upper atmosphere? Does CO2 escape into the upper atmosphere? I'll have to get back to you on these questions...
Is there any difference in air composition of northern regions than other parts of the earth? Not really, on a macroscopic level, air circulates freely so CO2 produced through microbial respiration in thawing permafrost can be found throughout the earths atmosphere.
Your last question isn't dumb. There are some real reasons why "educated" people persist in their beliefs despite the overwhelming evidence provided by scientific research. Here is some research done by Dan Kahan that is interesting.
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1871503&http://papers...
Also the book, "Merchants of Doubt" by Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway
http://www.merchantsofdoubt.org/
I found rather tedious reading but extremely informative.

Anonymous

Thanks, again, Mr. Lane. Describing your team's research has been very informative. I have learned a lot, and much more interestingly than an article in Scientific American. I hope you will take on another exploratory adventure soon.