Journal Entry

Morning everyone, it is another glorious day at sea.

Sunrise over the Southern OceanAnother great 4:30 am start to the day, life is good!

Hip hip hooray, the seas have calmed and at 4:30 this morning the crew was out and about, the scientists were out and about, and the seismic is now in the water.

The seismic umbilical deployedThirty minutes after first light, and clear of marine mammals, the seismic umbilical goes in off the back deck.

For well over an hour, lines were checked, connections secured, and two towed devices were deployed off the back deck of the Palmer. If you look back to yesterday's entry there were specifics for the gun umbilical and the streamer, both of which are currently being towed behind the vessel.

The sounding streamerOnce the umbilical is in the water, next comes the streamer, 72 hydrophones are in the water.

The team has now moved inside to use our computers and very specific programing to record the data collected by the streamer, and then to decode.

Raw data coming in from the seismic instrumentsRaw data coming in from the seismic instruments. One part instruments in the field, five parts decoding the data collected.

Let's review: we are looking for original crust, which is under sediment. This crust, or 'basement' as it is called in geologic circles, is +/- 130 million years old. We are at a depth of over 4000 meters (almost 2500 miles).

The South Georgia micro continent is moving east away from South America, while South America is still moving west. Maybe a picture would help.

The South Georgia PlateThe South Georgia Plate. Plate tectonics 101: two plates moving in opposite directions make for some great science.

Please notice that the South American Plate is broken by the Scotia Plate with both are moving in opposite directions, with the Scotia Plate moving to the East, and the South American Plate moving to the West. So what does this mean? Pressure. The movement of land masses and the opening to the ACC (more to follow on the ACC).

Scientists are filling in bits of geologic history as it pertains to the South Georgia Plate and its role in the history of plate movement in this region. Often there are days when my head is spinning with the "historical" geology I am learning. Up until this afternoon I had forgotten that there are seven major plates: North American, South American, Antarctic, African, Eurasian, Pacific, and Indo-Australian, with 20 plus or minus platelets covering the planet. Today was a great day of learning for everyone.

A lesson on interpreting dataSteffen Saustrup teaching UTIC students and me about the real-time data being collected by the seismic streamer.

Thank you to everyone who helped with today's flag pictures. It was an amazing lunch and we wanted to share with all you flag followers. See everyone tomorrow.

Flags from around AmericaEveryone at lunch got in on the flag action. It was also a great meal! A lot of lunch flagsEvery time I get the crew and science party involved with flags, I feel a sense of pride in knowing that we have shared this amazing research with so many!

Comments

Prescott Mahon

I was wondering, what are different things that the seismic scans/finds. I saw the pictures, and it looked like it collected different things, and i didn't know what they were. I hope you are having fun!!

Tatum Bronson

What have you learned so far on this trip?

Jacqueline Slack

How complicated is it to read/interpret the data that the streamer collects? I hope you continue to have a great time on your adventure!

Delaney

I was wondering how is it like learning with other people. Being with different people that you have never work with in your life. Is it easy or hard you to get along or is it hard.

Jake Seff

What are you hoping to learn from this data? How is it going to help you learn more about the ocean?

Chavez Nakai

Hello Ms. Worssam I have always been wondering how's sleeping on a boat feel like? Is it comfortable or is it shaking at night? I also wanted to know how the food is on the boat. Is it sometimes gross and soggy, or is it nice and tasty. So I do hope your adventure is nice, fun, and safe.

Chavez Nakai

Hello Ms. Worssam I have always been wondering how's sleeping on a boat feel like? Is it comfortable or is it shaking at night? I also wanted to know how the food is on the boat. Is it sometimes gross and soggy, or is it nice and tasty. So I do hope your adventure is nice, fun, and safe.

Ty Collins

This trip looks like its been very fun! There is a crew, and scientists, so how many people are there? In the pictures, I can tell that there is people from different sides of the country! I hope you are having lots of fun!

Jillian Worssam

Hi Bill, Great question. The seismic can stay in the water indefinitely depending on: the weather conditions, marine mammals and
the lines we are following. There are very specific places where the
scientists are collecting data, so the bridge has a course and distance
already plotted out, and we follow that course. Thanks for asking. Mr.
Worssam

On 2014-10-03 07:52, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

LindseyW

We see Lily's Washington flag! Even though we've been silent, we are watching your journey with great enthusiasm!

Jillian Worssam

Hello Lindsey, Thanks so much for the message. I have missed our evening chats, and I am so glad Lily has seen her flag. Miss and love
you all. Jillian

On 2014-10-03 14:49, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hi Ty, Thanks for writing. I think if you look back at some of the other entries in the blog you will see that I have answered hess
questions. Please let me know if you have further questions. Ms.
Worssam

On 2014-10-03 13:40, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hi Prescott, Great question. The Seismic can tell the sediment thickness, depth to crust, able to infer type of crust, crust thickness,
crustal structure, and even faults. How is that for an amazing list of
attributes for a device that sees through sound. Thanks for askiing.
Ms. Worssam

On 2014-10-03 13:34, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hi Sean, Thanks for writing. I see that in STEM we need to discuss weather and climate. The weather here is different from Flagstaff
because I am so much closer to the poles, I am also on an ocean. It is
those daily changes in weather that are recorded over long periods of
time that give people climate data. And not so cold on this trip,
mostly a lot of wind. And getting up every day is a super fun time,
check out the pictures. Thanks for writing. Ms. Worssam

On 2014-10-03 13:30, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Morning, Sleeping is wonderful, I love it. Feels like I am in a hammock. Now sometimes we do rock a bit more violently, but not so
much. I find the motion soothing. The food is delicious, there is a
ten of three individuals who prepare all our meals from scratch...yum
yummy. Thanks for writing. Ms. Worssam

On 2014-10-03 13:37, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hi Delaney, Working with the other people on the boat is amazing. Everyone is a professional and has a job to do, but we also socialize,
relax and are like a little family. Two days ago we had a fire drill
and then made fresh ice cream. Today we start a corn hole tournament.
As you can tell there is an excellent blend of work and play. Thanks
for asking. Ms. Worssam

On 2014-10-03 13:35, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hi Connor, Great question. We are looking at the crust for various reasons. One we want to check out the depth of the crust, its age and
thickness. We are also looking at geological features to see how South
Georgia, is micro continent is not a part of the South American plate
and how it is moving especially in relation to the other plates around
the area. It is all pretty fascinating, I am learning a lot. Thanks
for writing. Ms. Worssam

On 2014-10-03 13:28, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hi Kekoa, Thanks for writing. The science team has the job of collecting and maintaining the data that we are here to collect. The
sam members also work multiple shits 24 hours a day so that the data
stations are always being manned. The ships personnel all have
different jobs and they too are on different shifts. Basically we are a
floating data collecting town, everyone has a job to accomplish and they
all have different times when they do their jobs. Besides working
together we also play together. Tomorrow the ship wide corn hole
competition begins. Yahoo, I am not good, but it will be a blast and
great for team building. Thanks for the great questions. Ms. Worssam

On 2014-10-03 07:56, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hi Mikhaila,
Seismic data is collected by measuring the time it takes for energy to
travel from our air guns, into the subsurface, and back to our
receivers. Our only two measurements are time and pressure. We can
invert the arrival times for the pressure events to learn about the
composition and geometry of the subsurface. By making many shots, and
having many receivers, we end up with a high signal to noise ratio and
can confidently make interpretations of the underlying geology. This
underlying geology is what we're most interested in.

By improving our understanding of the subsurface to the North of South
Georgia Island, we'll build upon previous work which suggested the
Northeast Georgia Rise was a volcanic plateau that has moved along a
transform fault to it's present-day position to the North of South
Georgia. Additionally our seismic lines to the South of South Georgia
will test theories about current compression that the island might be
experiencing. We'll expect to see some deformation in the underwater
sediments as an expression of this compression. Our seismic data may
also reveal faults in the crust and sediments where this compression is
physically being accommodated along planes.

Lastly, we'll collect dredges (underwater rock samples) which hopefully
can test previous assertions that the crust in the Central Scotia Sea is
a mix of old oceanic crust and recent volcanic features.

- Bud Davis PhD Candidate Geophysics

On 2014-10-03 07:59, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hi Katie,
Scientists suspected for a long time that the continents had 'drifted'
- look at the way Africa and South America seem to 'fit' together like a
jig-saw puzzle! Comparison of the magnetic fields of rocks of the same
age in Europe and North America in the 1950's backed that up. Then came
ocean drilling which showed that the ocean floor is older nearer the
continents and younger near the mid-ocean ridges. This indicated the
seafloor had 'spread' with time moving the continents apart. Finally, we
can now measure the actual movements using the satellites of the global
positioning system (GPS).

The continental movements result in climate change in several ways,
such as:
1. a continent over tens of millions of years can move nearer or
further from the equator.
2, The collision of continents can result in the uplift of a plateau
like Tibet (India-Asia collision) changing rainfall patterns(the
monsoon).
3. Continents separating create new oceanic 'gateways' (Drake Passage)
or land bridges (Isthmus of Panama) that affect oceanic circulation and
hence climate.

Good questions!

Ian Dalziel Chief Scientist

On 2014-10-03 08:04, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hi Jake:
We hope to learn why the island of South Georgia is three times as high
(nearly 10,000 feet) as the Andean Mountains of southernmost South
America from which it was separated (approximately 3,000 feet) many tens
of millions of years ago. It looks as if it 'popped up' because it is
being squeezed between two tectonic plates (try squeezing a bar of wet
soap between your two hands!). If this is true, our seismic data should
show the ocean floor being pushed or pulled beneath it on both its long
(northwest to southeast) sides. So far we have suggestions of this in
the preliminary study of the seismic data we have obtained from one
side.

The history of uplift of the North Scotia Ridge on which the island is
located will help us understand how the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
flowed in the ocean around Antarctica possibly affecting global climate.
A high ridge would have been a barrier to current flow.

Ian Dalziel, Chief Scientist

On 2014-10-03 13:36, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Sydney Beckstead

Hello Ms. Worssam!!! I'm happy that the seas finally calmed down enough for the scientists to work and for you to watch them! I have a few questions for you concerning the plates. First off, I know that it's the convection currents in the mantel that make the plates move, but since in some places there are cracks in the crust is there any way scientists could get equiptment into a subducting zone? Secondly, how does the plates moving affect the two poles, and will they ever move closer to each other? Lastly, do the techtonic plates affect the magnatism of some of their equiptment? Thank you so much! Sydney

isaac chavez

hi ms. worssam It has been very exiting to follow your expedition on this website. i got a couple more questions. have you seen any intresting animal or fish life that stad out to you?
why do your gps units get moved every three years? why can they not stay in the same place for a ong time?

thanks hope to hear back soon, isaac chavez

isaac chavez

hi ms. worssam It has been very exiting to follow your expedition on this website. i got a couple more questions. have you seen any intresting animal or fish life that stad out to you?
why do your gps units get moved every three years? why can they not stay in the same place for a ong time?

thanks hope to hear back soon, isaac chavez

Keke Chambers

Hello Ms. Worssam once agian, It says in your journal that you and your team are looking for "original crust" which is under the sediment. Are you guys looking underwater ? Or on land surface.
Thanks

Samantha Seery

Hello Ms. Worssam! I want you to know that Mr. Donavan is doing a MARVELOUS job! We are having so much fun back here in Flag, but I bet we arent having as much fun as you are. Anyways, I was wondering how you deploy the seismic. Is it attatched to a long cord that stays attatched to the boat? Or is it a remote control devise that you opperate from the boat. If neither of these are correct, then i would like to know how. Also, are there any other devises or equiptment that you guys brought that is remote control?

Samantha Seery

Hello Ms. Worssam! I want you to know that Mr. Donavan is doing a MARVELOUS job! We are having so much fun back here in Flag, but I bet we arent having as much fun as you are. Anyways, I was wondering how you deploy the seismic. Is it attatched to a long cord that stays attatched to the boat? Or is it a remote control devise that you opperate from the boat. If neither of these are correct, then i would like to know how. Also, are there any other devises or equiptment that you guys brought that is remote control?

Jillian Worssam

Hi Samantha, Thanks for the great question. The seismic equipment is deployed off the back deck of the vessel and stays attached to the ship.
The guns are on a cord called an umbilical and it is towed
approximately 30 meters behind the vessel. The seismic streamer is also
towed behind the the vessel and when we are done with operations they
are pulled back on to the ship. We are currently not using any remote
devices. Thanks for writing. Ms. Worssam

On 2014-10-06 10:05, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hi Sydney,
Concerning your first question about getting equipment down into
subduction zones: At subduction zones the plates are converging toward
each other and grinding past one another. This creates a tight seal of
one plate's crust against another's and leads up to a buildup of
sediments at the place where they meet. Scientists have drilled down
into these sediments to better understand the history of earthquakes and
plate subduction. Japan in particular has heavily funded this research
in an effort to better understand the local earthquake and tsunami
threats. If you're interested in learning more, the best data currently
available comes from the Nankai margin, where there have been many
international seismic and drilling projects.

On to your next question about plate motion and the poles. The Earth
will always have regions at the top and bottom of its spin axis that
receive less sunlight and heat than in the tropical regions. However
continental plates have not always occupied the polar regions.
Antarctica used to exist closer to the equator and hosted an abundance
of life. Plate motion eventually moved toward the South Pole. It is
likely that one day it will move back into the tropical latitudes and it
will once more become a warm and hospitable place.

Concerning your last question, generally both magnetism and magmatism
do not greatly affect the functionality of our equipment. We do have
special equipment that can sense the extra heat flux in the ocean floor
where volcanic activity is occurring. Similarly, we also have
magnetometers that can sense the change in the magnetic field do to the
magnetism of the plates. Magnetism can also affect things like
compasses. If you happen to have a very magnetic rock, it can kill the
functionality of your compass. This can be a problem when we're out in
the field mapping iron rich rocks. Luckily, there are redundant methods
that allow us take bearings.

Hope this helps answer your questions!

Bud Davis, PhD Candidate Geophysics

On 2014-10-06 08:05, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Blanca Trombatore

Thank you Jillian again! Explaining about the 7 Plates and their moving directions!! Learning with you is awesome, Im interested on the Plates because under Guatemala (my country), I have learned there are 3 different Plates that meet there and thats is why we have so many earthquakes?

Lynn Gurne

Hope the boat ride isn't too scary. We are studying the various animals from Antarctica and enjoying learning all about their impact/co dependance on each other!!!

Yasmine Hernandez

Hi! I'm a seventh grader from Mrs. Barlow's class. I just had a few questions, when you get back on land, do you feel like you want to be back on the ship? Also, how is life on the ship are you handling it well? If you can't wander these it's ok but I was hoping you would. Thank you! (Can you use Mrs. Barlow's daughter's flag it would make them happy!)

Jillian Worssam

Thanks for following Blanca, Please keep reading as soon I am going to start highlighting the different people on board and their positions.
Jillian

On 2014-10-02 07:27, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Guest

Hey I'm from mrs.barlows science class at Wakefield middle school , must be cool to go near so many islands

Lynn Gurne

Hey Gillian,
It is soooo wonderful getting to follow along on your great adventure. My 3rd graders loved seeing all the photos and explanations of what was happening in each. Their favorite was the "bow wave" - they would like to know if you got wet while you were taking the photo? Also the students are interested in knowing if you are going to get to go onto the mainland of Antarctica? Have you gotten to see any of the animals that reside on that cold continent? Well wishes, and stay warm!!! Have lots of fun!!!
Mrs. Gurne's 3rd grade class!!!

Jillian Worssam

Hi Isaac, Thanks for writing. Pretty much everything I have seen has stood out as magnificent. I am loving everything. The GPS can stay out
longer but it depends on funding for the project. Please check out some
of the other answers as this has been a common question. Thanks. Ms.
Worssam

On 2014-10-06 08:12, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Destiny Yazzie

hey Mrs. Worssam That is a beautiful sun rise!!!
I cant believe you were up so early at 4:30 a.m..
I cant wake up that early, I'm not a morning person.
Are you a morning person?
I'm glad that the ocean calmed down and that you got the chance to take a good picture of the sunrise.
All thoses pictures look fantastic!
I realy like how you got to take pictures of different crew members with different flags.
Do any of them not like getting there pictures taken?

Jillian Worssam

Hi Keke, Please check out some of the other blogs. Yes we are looking underwater, and some of the images from the data are fascinating.
Thanks, Ms. Worssam

On 2014-10-06 08:13, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hi Yasmine, Thank you for writing. When I am back on land my legs are all wobbly, it is fun. Life on the ship is a wonderful combination of
scientific research and excitement. Today we saw some whales and fur
seals and even had a pre-thanksgiving dinner. A perfect day. Check out
the journal for October 2nd, I talked a bit more about ship life.
Thanks for writing. Jillian

On 2014-10-02 11:03, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hello Mrs. Gurne's third grade class. Thanks so much for writing. I did not get wet because I was in the bridge of the vessel. At that time
the seas were so high that no one was allowed outside. Sadly we are not
going to the mainland of Antarctica, you what that means. I need to
learn more science and become a part of more research. We are hoping to
land on South Georgia, see if you can find it on a map. So far I have
seen many types of whales, fur seals and lots of antarctic birds. I am
still trying to take some good pictures. Thanks for writing everyone.
Keep the great questions coming. Jillian

On 2014-10-02 13:24, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Jillian Worssam

Hi Destiny, It is always great to get your messages. Most people are great about having their pictures taken. The crew, actually everyone
has been super about letting me take pictures with flags, and it has
been fun to highlight all the great flags I have.

Thanks again for writing. Ms. Worssam

On 2014-10-02 17:03, webmaster@polartrec.com wrote:

Blanca Trombatore

Thank you Jillian!!! My handsome son, yeah!!! So proud of him. Thank you! I am sharing all your Journals on my FB page and have a couple of followers, that will be delighted to see Michael in action. Muchas Gracias!

Bill

How long does the seismic stay under the water?

Kekoa - MIT-e …

Besides research, do you have any special jobs you do onboard? What do you and your team do to work together?

Mikhaila from …

Exactly what form of data is the seismic collecting? How does this add on to the previous research conducted concerning this subject of the Plates?

Katie MIT-e Period 1

How did you discover that the continental plates are moving? How does this movement effect climate?

Salina Chavira…

What where the waves like when you where over the Sediment? Which way where the waves moving you when you stayed still in the boat?

Connor Garrod

Hello Ms. Worssam! I hope you are having a wonderful time!. So, why are you looking for original crust? Are you looking for something specific in it? Thanks!

Sean

How does the climate change from flagstaff to antartica? What does it take to have a super fun time out there even though being freezing cold?